Ohio+History

Hi my name is Ryan and I am 9 years old and I have one dog and my favorite sport is fencing and I am here to tell you about Ohio Indian history. First thing you need to know before you read this report is that it wasn't easy to live back in the time of the early Indians. Second thing you need to know is that the first people came to Ohio about 13,000 years ago. And the last thing you need to know is that there was many different groups of Indians.

Paleo Indians came to Ohio towards the end of the ice age about 13,000 years ago. Paleo Indians followed herds of Mammoth and mastodon from Asia to North America. They also killed Mammoth and mastodon for food. They used flint stones to make tools.
 * Paleo Indians **

In 800 B.C-100 C.E the Adena Indians enter Ohio and were the first farmers in Ohio. Adena Indian houses are made out of poles, willow and tree bark. They also made pipes, pottery and axes out of stone. Adena Indians left behind artifacts made of copper and mica.
 * Adena Indians **

The Hopewell people lived in Ohio about 2,000 years ago. They are best known for their huge earth mounds. These may have been great ceremony centers. The Hopewell were also great artists and left behind artifacts like obsidian which was found in the rocky mountains, grizzly bear teeth found in the rocky mountains, copper found in the upper great lakes, conch shells found in the gulf of Mexico, and mica found in the southern Appalachian mountains. For food the Hopewell planted sunflowers, pumpkins and tobacco and went hunting and fishing and they ate nuts, fruits and seeds.
 * Hopewell **** Indians **

The fort ancient Indians are also known as the late prehistoric Indians. When the Fort Ancient Indians came to Ohio the Indians stopped burying there dead in serpent mounds and started to bury there dead in graveyards.
 * Fort Ancient Indians **

The Iroquois Indians left New York to come to Ohio. Iroquois Indians came to Ohio to collect beaver pelts to trade to the French.
 * Iroquois Indians **

The Shawnee Indians and the Iroquois Indians had a war over land in the 1660’s. Eventfully the Iroquois Indians won the the war and the Shawnee Indians were forced to move. The Shawnee Indians came back to Ohio in the 1730’s. Shawnee Indians spoke a language called Algonquian. Some of there leaders were Tecumseh, Blue Jacket, Cornstalk and The Prophet. They were located at southern Ohio The Shawnee Indians have two different of chiefs. A civil chief and a war chief. A civil chief would change by starting with a man, then there kid, and then there kids kid, then there kids kids kid exc. A war chief is chosen for the best Indian at battle. Shawnee Indians got food by hunting for Deer, Pheasant, Buffalo and Turkey and grew corn, beans and squash. Shawnee Indians believed that an old woman named Kohkumthena watches over earth weaving a blanket and the world would end when she throws the blanket onto earth and the blanket will carry people to heaven.
 * Shawnee **** Indians **

Miami Indians are not allowed to marry people inside there clan and all tribes travel in Groups called clans. Miami Indians LOVE playing games. They are famous for there white corn. Miami Indians spoke a language called Algonquian. They were located in the west part of Ohio. The Miami Indians one of there leaders was called Little Turtle.
 * Miami Indians **

Wyandot Indians came to Ohio from Canada The Wyandot Indians made there clothes out of blackened Buckskin. Wyandot Indians believed that a woman that lived on a very small island prayed for a bigger island and it worked. She named the island north America. Wyandot Indians also believed that the only way to make the spirits of dead people go to heaven would be to dig up all of there people who died in the last 10 years and rebury them all in the same grave. They spoke the Iroquois language. The Wyandot Indians were located in the norththern part of Ohio. One of there leaders name was Tarhe.
 * Wyandot Indians **

The Ottawa Indians came to Ohio from Canada. The word Ottawa means to trade. Ottawa Indians made canoes out of birchbarck. They believed that a spirit named Kichi Manitou created the earth. Ottawa Indians spoke the language Algonquian. They were located in the northern part of Ohio. One of there leaders name was Pontiac.
 * Ottawa **** Indians **

Delaware Indians came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey. They called themselves Lenape which means original people. Delaware Indians learned how to respect Animals. They believed a story Where a Delaware Indian shot a bear just to torture it and the bear lived but only to literally tear the boy apart into pieces and then put him back together again. When the boy got back to his camp the pieces of his body that was tore apart and put back together fell apart again and never got put back together again. This is what the Delaware believed would happen to people if they did not respect animals. The Delaware believed another story where a turtle grows a tree and the tree made the very first man and women. Delaware Indians spoke Algonquian. Two of there leader were called White Eyes and Netawatees. They were located in the eastern part of Ohio.
 * Delaware **** Indians **

The Mingo left Pennsylvania to come to Ohio. Mingo Indians spoke Iroquois. They were located in eastern Ohio. One of there leaders names was Logan.
 * Mingo Indians **

Paleo Indians came to Ohio towards the end of the ice age about 13,000 years ago. In 800 B.C- A.D. 100 the Adena Indians enter Ohio and start to build the first Indian mounds. 100 B.C. - A.D. 500 the Hopewell Indians enter Ohio and help the Adena Indians build Indian Mounds. In 900 -1500 the Fort Ancient Indians enter Ohio and start to build settlements. In 1650-1843 the Shawnee and the Delaware Indians enter Ohio. In 1720 Chief Pontiac was born. In 1754-1763 the Indians and the French had a war. In the end the Indians win the war against the French. In 1812 the Europeans and the Indians had a huge war. Eventually the Indians lost and they were forced to move to Oklahoma and the Europeans took over America. In 1843 the last Indian tribe in Ohio called the Wyandot Indians left Ohio and went to Oklahoma.
 * Timeline **

Here’s a list of Indian words and there definition: Ashtabula means //Fish// //River// Auglaize means //Fallen Timbers// Coshocton means //Black Bear Town// Cuyahoga means //Crooked// Erie means //Cat// Geauga means //Raccoon// Hocking means //Bottle// Mahoning means //At the Salt Lick// Maumee means //Muddy Water// Muskingum means //A Town by the River// Ohio means //Beautiful// //River// Pataskala means //Salt Lick// Sandusky means //Water within Water Pools// Scioto means //Deer// Tuscarawas means //Open Mouth//
 * Indian words **

Indian mounds are around 1,330 yards long. That’s about 4 American football fields long. Hopewell and Adena Indians made mounds in Newark, Ohio. Some people think that Indian mounds are haunted. Indian mounds used to be used for burying dead Indians. But that was only when the Adena and the Hopewell Indians were around. They might also be great ceremony centers and places to track stars and the Sun. Mounds are in many different shapes and sizes.
 * Indian mounds **

Indians used items instead of money. The first European to find Ohio was called Rene-Robert Cavalier. Another word for Tribe is Nation.
 * Fun Facts **

It wasn’t easy living back in the time of the Indians. And now you understand why